Environmental impact statements and assessments are key components of the planning and permitting process for most public and private projects.

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These studies are required for:

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• Projects subject to municipal approval as part of the site planning and review process

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• Projects receiving federal and state funding, permits or approvals

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• Projects in sensitive areas, such as New Jersey's coastal zone, the New Jersey Meadowlands and the Pinelands area

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• Projects subject to state land use regulation such as SEQRA and CEQR in New York City and State, and CAFRA and Waterfront Development Permits in New Jersey